BASIC READING COMPLETION 1

Farming around the world

In many countries, farmers are getting older and few young people are becoming farmers when older farmers stop working at the end of their career. However, technology is helping with this problem because, with new farming machines, farmers do not have to work so hard and fewer people can do the same work. But farming still needs more young people.

Farming is hard work and involves long working hours with early starts and late finishes to the day. Also, young people all believe the same thing: it will be hard to make much money from farming.

In Kenya, Mary Nyale, who works on the Farm Africa’s Growing Futures project, is trying to change young people’s ideas about farming. Mary is doing this because over 80% of Kenya’s population are younger than 35 years old. Also, around one in four young people do not have a job. Through the programme, young people learn how to grow things like French beans, tomatoes and cabbage. These are what are called high-value crops because you get the most money for them. The young people also learn about farming as a business. And they meet buyers on the programme, so that when they finish the course, they have someone that will buy their vegetables.

Since the project started in 2011, over 4,000 young people have become farmers. The money the farmers get has also increased by 50% in two years.

Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER in each gap

1. There are not many want to become famers in some places.

2. Farming work is going to be easier for farmers with the help of .

3. A lot of work can be done with .

4. People see farming as hard work because it requires as well as early starts and late finishes.

5. Young people think it is to earn a lot of money from farming.

6. Mary Nyale is working on how to change the youth's view on .

7. The majority of Kenya’s population are under the age of .

8. It is believed that young people will learn how to plant vegetables after the programme.

9. Beans, tomatoes, and cabbage are known as as they can be sold at good prices.

10. After 2 years of the programme, farmers' income has risen by since 2011.

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BASIC READING MULTIPLE CHOICE 10

Exploring the Influence of Sports

The realm of sports transcends mere physical activity, weaving a narrative of unity, passion, and personal growth. It stands as an arena where athletic prowess converges with camaraderie, inspiring both individuals and communities alike.

At its core, sports serve as a vibrant tapestry, interwoven with tales of determination and resilience. Whether on the courts, fields, or tracks, athletes channel their dedication and spirit, striving not just for victory but also for self-improvement.

Sportsmanship, an embodiment of fairness and respect, embodies the ethos of sports. It instills values that extend beyond the game, fostering discipline, teamwork, and ethical conduct. The lessons learned on the turf often transcend into the fabric of life, shaping character and instilling virtues.

The allure of sports lies not just in its competitive fervor but also in its unifying power. It bridges divides, bringing together diverse cultures, transcending barriers of language, race, and creed. In the coliseum of sports, spectators and participants find a common ground, celebrating the triumphs and defeats alike.

Moreover, sports are a conduit for mental and physical well-being. Beyond the physical exertion, engagement in sports nurtures mental fortitude, cultivating resilience in the face of adversity. The camaraderie forged in teamwork fosters a sense of belonging and camaraderie, enhancing mental health and social bonds.

In the global landscape, sports serve as a catalyst for societal change. Athletes become advocates, leveraging their platform to champion causes beyond the arena, shedding light on societal issues and advocating for positive transformations.

In essence, sports transcend the boundaries of mere competition. They embody the spirit of unity, personal growth, and societal change. As the cheers echo and the games unfold, the influence of sports continues to inspire generations, igniting the passion for both physical and personal triumphs.

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BASIC READING MULTIPLE CHOICE 9

Importance of Environmental Conservation

Environmental conservation, vital for preserving the planet's ecosystems, biodiversity, and natural resources, remains a crucial global concern. It involves the responsible use and protection of natural resources to sustainably manage and safeguard the environment for current and future generations.

One of the key aspects of environmental conservation is biodiversity preservation. Conserving diverse ecosystems supports various life forms, ensuring the balance of natural processes and the stability of habitats. Protecting endangered species and their habitats is fundamental in maintaining ecological balance.

Moreover, environmental conservation plays a significant role in mitigating climate change. Practices like afforestation, reducing carbon emissions, and promoting renewable energy sources help combat global warming and its adverse effects on the environment.

Conservation efforts are also critical in preserving natural resources such as clean water, air, soil, and forests. These resources support life and are essential for human well-being, agriculture, and industries. Sustainable management ensures their availability for current and future needs.

Furthermore, environmental conservation promotes sustainable practices in human activities. It advocates for responsible consumption, waste reduction, recycling, and the adoption of eco-friendly technologies to minimize environmental degradation and pollution.

Conservation education and awareness initiatives play a pivotal role in fostering environmental stewardship. Educating communities about the importance of conservation encourages active participation and promotes a collective responsibility towards protecting the environment.

Although challenges exist, such as deforestation, pollution, and habitat destruction, concerted global efforts and individual actions can drive positive change. Each individual's commitment to environmentally friendly practices contributes to the larger goal of preserving and restoring the planet's health.

In summary, environmental conservation is crucial for biodiversity preservation, mitigating climate change, sustaining natural resources, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering a collective responsibility to protect the environment.

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BASIC READING MULTIPLE CHOICE 8

The Convenience of Online Shopping

Online shopping has transformed the way people purchase goods and services, offering convenience, accessibility, and a wide array of options at the click of a button. The digital marketplace has revolutionized retail, providing a seamless and efficient shopping experience for consumers worldwide.

One of the primary advantages of online shopping is convenience. Customers can browse and shop at any time from the comfort of their homes or on-the-go using smartphones or computers. This flexibility eliminates the need to visit physical stores, saving time and offering a stress-free shopping experience.

Moreover, online shopping provides an extensive range of products and brands. Customers have access to a vast selection that may not be available in local stores. Additionally, online retailers often offer competitive pricing, discounts, and deals, allowing shoppers to find the best value for their purchases.

Another benefit is the ease of comparison shopping. Online platforms enable consumers to compare prices, read reviews, and research products before making informed decisions. This transparency and access to information empower shoppers to make purchases based on their preferences and needs.

Furthermore, online shopping eliminates geographical limitations, allowing customers to shop from global retailers and access products from around the world. This globalization of commerce broadens choices and promotes cultural exchange in the shopping experience.

Despite its advantages, online shopping requires caution. Customers should prioritize secure transactions, verify the credibility of sellers, and be mindful of potential scams or fraudulent activities.

In summary, online shopping offers convenience, a wide range of options, competitive pricing, and the freedom to shop from anywhere, making it a popular and efficient way to fulfill consumer needs in today's digital era.

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BASIC READING MULTIPLE CHOICE 7

The Significance of Scientific Research

Scientific research, the systematic investigation aimed at expanding knowledge and understanding of the natural world, plays a pivotal role in advancing human society. It involves observation, experimentation, and analysis to uncover new discoveries and enhance our understanding of various phenomena.

One of the fundamental aspects of scientific research is its contribution to knowledge expansion. Through rigorous investigation and experimentation, scientists uncover new facts, theories, and explanations, laying the foundation for progress in various fields, including medicine, technology, and the environment.

Scientific research drives innovation and technological advancements. It leads to the development of new technologies, medicines, and techniques that improve human life. Breakthroughs in fields such as genetics, nanotechnology, and renewable energy are products of extensive scientific research.

Furthermore, scientific research informs evidence-based decision-making. Policymakers, governments, and industries rely on scientific findings to develop policies, address societal challenges, and make informed choices concerning health, the environment, and socio-economic issues.

Another critical role of scientific research is in addressing global challenges. From combating diseases and climate change to developing sustainable solutions, scientific endeavors provide insights and tools to tackle complex issues affecting humanity and the planet.

Moreover, scientific research fosters critical thinking and problem-solving skills. It encourages curiosity, experimentation, and rational thinking, nurturing a scientifically literate society capable of evaluating information and making informed decisions.

Investment in scientific research is essential for continued progress and innovation. It requires funding, collaboration among scientists, and support from governments, institutions, and the public to sustain the pursuit of knowledge and its application for the betterment of society.

In summary, scientific research drives knowledge expansion, technological advancements, evidence-based decision-making, and addressing global challenges. Its significance in shaping our world and improving human life is undeniable.

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BASIC READING MULTIPLE CHOICE 6

The Advantages of Online Education

Online education, also known as e-learning, has revolutionized the way people access and engage with learning opportunities. This mode of education, facilitated by digital technology, offers numerous benefits that cater to diverse learners worldwide.

One of the primary advantages of online education is flexibility. Learners have the freedom to choose when and where they study, allowing them to balance their education with work, family commitments, or other responsibilities. This flexibility eliminates geographical barriers, enabling access to quality education regardless of location.

Moreover, online education provides a wide range of courses and programs, catering to various interests and skill levels. From academic subjects to vocational training, learners can find specialized courses suited to their needs. Additionally, the interactive nature of online platforms, including video lectures, discussion forums, and multimedia resources, enhances engagement and comprehension.

Another benefit is cost-effectiveness. Online courses often have lower tuition fees compared to traditional education, reducing expenses related to commuting, textbooks, and accommodation. Additionally, learners save time and money by accessing materials digitally without the need for physical resources.

Online education fosters self-paced learning, allowing individuals to progress at their own speed. This personalized approach accommodates different learning styles and preferences, enabling learners to review and revisit content as needed. Furthermore, it encourages self-discipline and time management skills, valuable attributes in various aspects of life.

For many, online education promotes inclusivity, catering to diverse learners, including those with disabilities or unique learning needs. The accessibility features and accommodations available in online platforms contribute to a more equitable learning environment.

Despite its advantages, online education requires self-motivation and dedication from learners. Staying organized, managing time efficiently, and maintaining communication with instructors are essential for successful online learning experiences.

In summary, online education offers flexibility, diverse learning opportunities, cost-effectiveness, and a personalized learning environment, making it a valuable and accessible mode of education in today's digital age.

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BASIC READING MULTIPLE CHOICE 5

The Versatility of Bicycles

Bicycles, an environmentally friendly and versatile mode of transportation, have been serving as an efficient means of travel for centuries. This two-wheeled vehicle offers numerous benefits, promoting health, sustainability, and convenience.

The design of bicycles allows riders to propel themselves forward using the pedaling motion. They come in various types, such as road bikes, mountain bikes, hybrid bikes, and commuter bikes, each tailored for specific terrains and riding preferences.

One of the primary advantages of bicycles is their eco-friendliness. They produce zero emissions, contributing to cleaner air and reducing the carbon footprint. With concerns about climate change, bicycles serve as an excellent alternative to fossil fuel-based transportation.

Bicycles also offer health benefits. Cycling is a low-impact aerobic exercise that improves cardiovascular fitness, muscle strength, and overall endurance. It promotes weight loss, reduces stress, and enhances mental well-being, making it an ideal form of exercise for people of all ages.

Moreover, bicycles provide a cost-effective transportation option. Compared to maintaining a car, the initial cost and upkeep of a bicycle are considerably lower. They offer flexibility in navigating through traffic and are an excellent solution for short to moderate distances.

With advancements in technology, electric bicycles (e-bikes) have gained popularity. E-bikes assist riders with electric motors, enabling easier pedaling and extending the range of travel. They offer an efficient mode of transportation, especially for urban commuters.

In urban settings, bicycles contribute to reduced traffic congestion and parking issues. Many cities worldwide have implemented bike-sharing programs and cycling lanes, promoting bicycles as a sustainable and efficient means of transportation.

The versatility, health benefits, environmental friendliness, and cost-effectiveness make bicycles a valuable mode of transportation, fostering a greener and healthier lifestyle.

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BASIC READING MUTIPLE CHOICE 4

Understanding Stress and Its Impact

Stress, an inevitable part of life, refers to the body's response to challenges or demands. While some stress can be motivating, chronic or excessive stress can have detrimental effects on one's physical and mental well-being.

When encountering stress, the body releases hormones like adrenaline and cortisol, triggering the "fight-or-flight" response. This physiological reaction prepares the body to face perceived threats. However, prolonged exposure to stress hormones can lead to various health issues.

The impacts of stress on the body are multifaceted. It can manifest as headaches, muscle tension, fatigue, and digestive issues. Moreover, chronic stress weakens the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to illnesses.

Mentally, stress can lead to anxiety, irritability, difficulty concentrating, and even depression. It affects sleep patterns, leading to insomnia or disrupted sleep, further exacerbating the cycle of stress.

Chronic stress has long-term consequences on cardiovascular health, increasing the risk of hypertension, heart disease, and stroke. Additionally, it can contribute to the development or worsening of conditions like diabetes and obesity.

Managing stress is crucial for overall health. Techniques such as regular exercise, deep breathing exercises, meditation, and maintaining a balanced lifestyle can help mitigate stress levels. Seeking support from friends, family, or professional counselors can also provide valuable coping mechanisms.

Understanding the triggers of stress and employing healthy coping strategies is vital in preventing its adverse effects. Taking proactive steps to manage stress can significantly improve both physical and mental health, leading to a more balanced and fulfilling life.

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BASIC READING MULTIPLE CHOICE 3

The Irresistible Allure of Pizza

Pizza, a beloved dish enjoyed worldwide, holds a special place in the hearts and taste buds of many. Originating from Italy, this iconic creation has evolved into a versatile meal that offers endless variations and flavors.

The foundation of pizza lies in its simple yet delicious components: a crust, typically made from flour, water, yeast, and salt, topped with tomato sauce and cheese. However, the beauty of pizza lies in its adaptability, allowing for a plethora of toppings ranging from classic pepperoni and mushrooms to gourmet combinations like prosciutto and arugula.

One of the defining features of pizza is the method of cooking. Traditionally, pizzas are baked in a wood-fired oven, imparting a delightful smoky flavor and achieving the perfect crispy crust. However, modern variations include baking in conventional ovens, grills, or even using innovative techniques like pizza stones or pizza ovens at home.

The universal appeal of pizza is due to its versatility and ability to cater to various dietary preferences. Whether one prefers a thin and crispy crust or a thick and chewy one, a meat-loaded extravaganza or a garden-fresh vegetarian delight, pizza offers something for everyone.

Apart from its taste, pizza brings people together, fostering social gatherings and celebrations. Sharing a slice of pizza with friends and family creates a communal dining experience, enhancing bonds and creating lasting memories.

While pizza is undeniably delicious, it's essential to balance its consumption as part of a varied diet. Choosing healthier toppings like vegetables, lean proteins, and limiting high-fat and processed ingredients contributes to a more nutritious pizza experience.

Ultimately, pizza's charm lies not only in its delightful taste but also in its ability to bring joy, comfort, and a sense of togetherness, making it an irresistible and timeless culinary favorite.

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