Thứ Năm, 30 tháng 11, 2023

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 10

Southern cassowary filmed swimming at the beach
A southern cassowary has been filmed swimming to the shore of a Queensland beach in a ‘fish out of water’ moment, proving the flightless bird is not afraid to get its feathers wet
A southern cassowary has caused quite a splash after it was spotted swimming at the beach in a “fish out of water” moment.
The endangered bird was filmed swimming in the Coral Sea near Bingil Bay, south of Cairns.
Traditional owner Nikita McDowell grabbed her phone to capture the rare moment the flightless bird swam towards the shore.
She said when she first saw the bird’s head and neck poking out of the water far from the shore it was almost like seeing the Loch Ness monster.
“It just floated to shore until it reached the level where its feet could touch the ground,” Ms McDowell said.
The video shows the cassowary being knocked around by waves as it swam toward the beach.
Ms McDowell noticed the bird was looking quite tired from the swim and contacted wildlife carers for help.
Once on land, the cassowary headed to the rainforest, where it brought up the saltwater it had swallowed while in the water.
While it might seem strange for cassowaries to swim, veterinarian and cassowary expert Dr Graham Lauridsen told the ABC the birds could jump in the water if they felt threatened.
Despite the long and tiring swim, the cassowary in the video was unharmed.
Dr Lauridsen said the bird probably felt as tired as a person would after swimming a long distance.
The southern cassowary is officially listed as endangered, with about 4000 left in Queensland.
The primary threats include habitat loss, traffic, and domestic dog attacks.
Dr Lauridsen said it was important for dog owners to secure their pets to prevent harm to both cassowaries and dogs.
Ms McDowell said she felt joy when the cassowary made it to shore safely.
While traditional owners knew cassowaries would hunt for food on the shoreline, seeing one swimming so far out in the water was very unusual.
She said it was a good reminder of the importance of conserving these unique and endangered birds in their natural habitat.
THE CASSOWARY: FACT VS FICTION
The cassowary may be a flightless bird, but that doesn’t mean they can’t swim.
Cassowary expert Dr Lauridsen said the birds were good swimmers, especially if they felt threatened.
Dr Lauridsen said air sacs in the cassowary’s body helped them stay afloat while swimming – much like having natural floaties.
Here are some other fun facts about cassowaries:
Cassowaries are the third tallest birds in the world, behind ostriches and emus. They can be as tall as six feet or 1.8m and have an average weight of 47kg.
They have large helmets or casques on their heads as well as a bright blue neck with splashes of red.
Cassowaries look very much like dinosaurs. While they aren’t actually prehistoric themselves, they are one of the closest living relatives to dinosaurs.
Recently discovered dinosaur species, corythoraptor jacobsi, look very much like modern-day cassowaries and have the same unique helmets.
When cassowaries mate, the dad is in charge of keeping the eggs warm. It takes about 50 days for the eggs to hatch.
The dad also teaches the baby cassowaries to look for food.
Cassowaries eat rainforest fruit that falls to the ground and help new trees grow by spreading the seeds in their droppings.
They spread the seeds of about 238 different rainforest species, including 100 plants that depend on the cassowary for germination.
Cassowaries live in New Guinea and Northeastern Australia with about 4000 thought to be living in Queensland.
With two muscular legs and three sharp long claws on each foot, cassowaries can be dangerous to people and animals and should never be approached in the wild.

GLOSSARY
flightless: unable to fly
primary: biggest
conserving: protecting a species from extinction
habitat: where an animal species lives
germination: when new plants grow from seeds
Open-Cloze Quiz

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 9

Fill in the blanks with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

1. What was the southern cassowary doing when it was spotted?
2. What did Nikita McDowell use to take the photo of the southern cassowary?
3. What did she compare the bird with when she first saw it?
4. Who did the bird look for help from?
5. Where did the cassowary run to after it got on land?
6. According to Dr Graham Lauridsen, when could the birds jump in the water?
7. How many southern cassowaries are there in Queensland?
8. How many main threats to the southern cassowary?
9. Where do cassowaries often look for food?
10. According to Dr Lauridsen, what help the southern cassowary stay afloat while swimming?

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 9

NT student one of six kids named Fred Hollows Junior Ambassadors
Year 6 student Jorja Zelley from the Northern Territory is one of six Aussie kids recognised by the Fred Hollows Foundation as a Junior Ambassador following volunteer work in the community
A Year 6 student from the Northern Territory has received a top honour from the Fred Hollows Foundation for her volunteer work.
Jorja Zelley, from St Mary’s Catholic Primary School, has been named NT Junior Ambassador for the Foundation after being nominated for the Humanity Award, which is given for demonstrating practical care and kindness to others.
Jorja learned she was the NT Junior Ambassador after her school livestreamed the ceremony, which was held in Sydney.
A statement from the Fred Hollows Foundation described Jorja as “extremely passionate” for First Nations equity.
“Having grown up in Katherine while her parents trained in remote Aboriginal communities, Jorja is extremely passionate about equity for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples,” the statement read.
“She has volunteered for several organisations, including aged care facilities, and is always happy to lend a hand.”
Jorja was one of six students nationwide to be recognised at the awards, with young volunteers named Junior Ambassadors across NSW, Victoria, Queensland, Western Australia, the Northern Territory and the ACT.
Harlow Cooper from Wandiligong Primary School was named Victorian Junior Ambassador for her work as an environmental warrior, while Zakrya Swade from Peakhurst West Public School won the top honour for NSW, for his fundraising efforts and work as a junior cadet for St John Ambulance.
Fay Rendell from All Saints’ College in WA, Elizabeth Banks from Macgregor Primary School in the ACT and Rose Ness Wilson from St William’s Primary School in QLD were also named Junior Ambassadors.
Jorja said she “couldn’t believe” she had won the top award.
“Firstly, I was so shocked to find out I was nominated but then to win, I couldn’t believe it,” she told the NT News.
“I think this award recognises people who show kindness and compassion to others – and I feel really proud.”
And how will Jorja celebrate? With family, friends and cake.
“(I will) spend tonight with my family and friends – going out for dinner, and share a cake with my school friends when my award arrives in the post.”
As a Junior Ambassador, Jorja receives $5000, gifted by the award’s charity partner Specsavers, to be donated to the Foundation’s work to end avoidable blindness around the world.

GLOSSARY
equity: equal access to things
ambassador: a representative of the charity

Open-Cloze Quiz

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 9

Fill in the blanks with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

1. How many children are there in the Junior Ambassador?
2. What made Jorja Zelley recognized by the Fred Hollows Foundation?
3. What is Jorja Zelley called by the Fred Hollows Foundation?
4. Where did her school livestream the ceremony?
5. How did the Fred Hollows Foundation describe Jorja?
6. Where did Jorja grow up?
7. What is an example for one of her volunteered organizations?
8. Where does Harlow Cooper study?
9. How many children are also named Junior Ambassadors?
10. How much will Jorja receive as a prize?

Thứ Tư, 29 tháng 11, 2023

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 8

Nina Kennedy wins Diamond League pole vault in world championships twist
One week after having to share her world championship gold medal with American Katie Moon, Australian pole vaulter Nina Kennedy has a big win
One week after sharing world championship* gold with American Katie Moon, Aussie star Nina Kennedy has achieved a stand-alone victory in another nailbiting* pole vault* competition at the Zurich* Diamond League* meeting on Thursday morning.
Moon, who won gold at the 2020 Tokyo Olympics* and took the world title in Eugene, Oregon*, last year under her maiden name* of Nageotte, shared gold with Kennedy after tying in Budapest* during last week’s world championships.
Despite the gesture* of classy sportsmanship* to share the gold, Kennedy and Moon were also criticised for the “shameful” act of failing to fight to the bitter end to crown an individual winner.
The act of kindness from Moon mirrored an unforgettable moment at the Tokyo Olympics when Italy’s Gianmarco Tamberi and Qatar’s Mutaz Essa Barshim agreed to share the high-jump* gold medal*.
There was no shortage of drama in Zurich on Thursday, but another shared victory never looked likely as Kennedy won with an Oceania record*, personal best* and meet record* of 4.91 metres.
Her performance set several incredible records.
“I am really surprised! And I am so happy. This is all my dreams come true, I love Zurich,” Kennedy said.
“Now I will fly home to Australia before travelling to Eugene where I hope to win the final,” she said in reference* to the Diamond League finals* in Oregon on September 16-17.
She told Athletics Australia she knew Moon was going to be “out for blood*” after their world championship result.
“Because the pressure* was off, I was able to just focus on doing what I love. I can’t believe I was able to jump 4.91 tonight,” Kennedy said.
“I didn’t actually have a lot of confidence* going in today. I knew that Katie was out for blood. Sharing that gold medal was nice and all but tonight we both wanted to win and be the outright winner so I felt the pressure.
“We had a great battle* tonight and I came out on top and she fought really hard and it fills me with a lot of confidence going into Eugene for the Diamond League finals and for next year too.”
The pole vault event was held at the famous Letzigrund Stadium on a specially constructed track at Zurich Hauptbahnhof, the city’s main train station.
A seated temporary tribune overlooked the runway*, while thousands of commuters swelled around the landing mat, lending the event a surreal feeling as trains pulled in and out of platforms just metres away.
Dance music boomed and the crowd, often just passing, were left roaring in delight or gasping in disappointment as the competition took place.
When Kennedy passed 4.81m on her first attempt — a personal best and Oceania record — the pressure was back on Moon, but the American kept her nerve* to mirror the Australian’s success.
With the bar raised to 4.91m, Kennedy was first on the runway, making no mistake in a remarkable vault, but Moon didn’t get close on her first effort.
When neither were able to clear 4.96m, the victory was handed to Kennedy amid an electric atmosphere*.
“I did not get my run dialled in* soon enough. It took me a minute to get comfortable with the runway,” said Moon, adding that she was not surprised at Kennedy’s winning height.
“I had a feeling it would go high today.”

GLOSSARY
world championship: a major international sports event where athletes from around the world compete in various sports to determine the best in their respective disciplines
nailbiting: an expression used to describe a very exciting and suspenseful situation
pole vault: a track and field event where athletes use a long, flexible pole to propel themselves over a horizontal bar at varying heights
Diamond League: a series of annual track and field events featuring elite athletes from around the world, organised by World Athletics
Olympics: a global sports event held every four years, featuring a wide range of sports and competitions
Zurich: the largest city in Switzerland
Oregon: one of the 50 states that make up America, located in north west
maiden name: a woman’s original last name before marriage
gold medal: a prize given to the winner of a competition, often a flat, circular piece made of gold, that symbolises first place
gesture: A physical action or movement that conveys a particular feeling or intention
sportsmanship: behaviour and attitude that reflect fairness, respect, and ethical conduct in sports
high-jump: a track and field event where athletes attempt to jump over a horizontal bar at varying heights without the use of any equipment
record: the highest or best achievement ever made in a particular sport, event, or activity
personal best: the best performance an individual athlete has achieved in a particular event
meet record: the best performance ever recorded in a specific event during a particular competition
pressure: stress or tension that comes from the expectation of performing well in a competition
confidence: belief in one’s abilities and skills
reference: mentioning something in relation to a particular context or event.
finals: the last stage of a competition, where the top competitors face off to determine the ultimate winner
out for blood: a strong determination to succeed and compete fiercely
battle: a competitive struggle between opponents
runway: the track or path used for events like pole vaulting and running
nerve: the ability to stay calm and composed under pressure
electric atmosphere: the overall feeling and mood of a place or situation was exciting and charged with energy
dialled in: adjusted and prepared properly
Open-Cloze Quiz

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 8

Fill in the blanks with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

1. Who is Nina Kennedy?
2. Where was last week’s world championships held ?
3. Which Olypic Games also had two winners ?
4. What is the record of Kennedy in Zurich?
5. What is Kennedy's goal when she travel to Eugene?
6. What is Zurich Hauptbahnhof?
7. When did Kennedy passed 4.81m?
8. Who did not succeed at the first attempt at 4.91 metres?
9. Who passed 4.96 metres?
10. How did Moon feel about Kennedy's winning height?

Thứ Ba, 28 tháng 11, 2023

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 7

Australia breaks a billion hearts to claim its sixth World Cup in India
The Aussies have made history, winning their sixth World Cup in India and defeating the hosts by six wickets in their only loss of the Cup, thanks to a sensational performance from Travis Head
Australia has denied India and claimed its sixth one-day World Cup title in a heartbreaking finish for the hosts.
The Aussies silenced a crowd of 92,453 at the Narendra Modi Stadium as Travis Head and Marnus Labuschagne overcame their side’s shaky start.
Chasing 241, the target seemed a mile off when Australia plummeted* to 3-47 at the end of the seventh over, after Steve Smith decided against reviewing an lbw* decision from umpire Richard Illingworth that would have been overturned* if referred upstairs.
But Head and Labuschagne vindicated* the faith of selectors, guiding the Aussies to victory. It was India’s only defeat in a tournament that will be remembered as the one that got away.
Despite being the outright favourite, India has not won a senior men’s world title since 2011.
The sea of blue shirts in the crowd thinned as Australia’s fourth-wicket pair whittled away at the target. Head’s magnificent 137 from 120 balls in a 192-run partnership left Australia with just two needed to win.
Glenn Maxwell struck the winning runs with a two to deep mid-wicket off Mohammed Siraj, as Australia secured a six-wicket victory with 42 balls to spare.
Forced to stay home for the early part of the tournament after suffering a broken hand in South Africa in September, Head posted his second century of the tournament, nullifying* India’s spin pair of Ravindra Jadeja and Kuldeep Yadav in one of Australia’s greatest one-day displays.
Labuschagne, who was not in Australia’s preliminary 18-man extended squad for this tournament, capped his incredible comeback story, fending off India’s attack after the early loss of David Warner (seven), Mitch Marsh (15) and Smith (four).
The win adds to a title-rich year for the Aussies, who claimed the World Test Championship crown against India in June before retaining the Ashes in England via a drawn series. Head was player of the match in the WTC decider at The Oval, an award he also won for his showing in the semi-final victory against South Africa.
Captain Cummins backed up his call with a mighty bowling effort, while a fantastic catch by Head removed Indian skipper Rohit Sharma for 47 and proved a turning point.
Virat Kohli was still looking dangerous though, before Cummins plunged the world’s biggest cricket stadium into silence as the Indian great went for 54 to a short ball.
From there India’s chances of reaching 300 were looking slim, and so it proved as Josh Hazlewood and Mitchell Starc curtailed* the home side.
Cummins finished with 2-34 from his 10 overs in what was an exceptional display.
THE AUSSIES’ PATH TO GLORY
Australia’s road to victory meant overcoming South Africa in another classic semi-final, after they claimed a three-wicket win* with just 16 balls remaining*.
While not quite as close to the wire as the 1999 World Cup semi-final between the two sides, the match was filled with tension* as Australia crawled to victory in an extraordinary contest*.
The result saw South Africa knocked out in a World Cup semi-final for the fifth time – three times by Australia – and still searching for its first final appearance.
For Australia, it was the eighth time the team has qualified for the final.
Regular wickets* kept it tense, and when Steve Smith (30) was the sixth wicket to fall, it left the tail* exposed with 39 runs still to be made.
Mitchell Starc and Pat Cummins combined to get Australia home as the skipper hit the winning runs with 16 balls still remaining.
Head, who also took two wickets in two balls in his five overs for 2/21, was named the Man of the Match.
“The Australians have got out of jail*,” ex-Aussie captain Ricky Ponting said in commentary*.
While on paper the low-scoring thriller* didn’t seem like much, it was an intense contest* and proved the perfect preparation for the final triumph against India.

GLOSSARY
LBW: leg before wicket, a rule that means the batsman is out if the ball strikes any other part of his body aside from his hand
overturned: reversed, revoked, to change an official decision
plummeted: fell at top speed
nullifying: stopping the effectiveness or impact of something
three-wicket win: Australia won the match by three wickets, meaning they successfully chased the target set by South Africa
balls remaining: the number of cricket balls (throws) left to be bowled in the match
tension: feeling of nervousness or excitement
extraordinary contest: an exceptional and remarkable competition
decider: the match that determines the champion
tournament: the entire series of matches in the Cricket World Cup
wickets: the number of times a team loses a batsman
spinners: bowlers who specialise in delivering spinning balls
tail: the lower-order batsmen in a cricket team
unheralded: not widely known or recognised
out of jail: an expression meaning escaping a difficult or challenging situation
commentary: the spoken or written description of a cricket match
low-scoring thriller: a match with fewer runs scored but filled with excitement and tension
intense contest: a closely fought and competitive match
Open-Cloze Quiz

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 7

Fill in the blanks with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

1. Where did the match take place?
2. How many match has the Indian team lost since the beginning of the tournament?
3. Who did the winning run?
4. What is the main reason for the missing of Travis Head in the previous matches?
5. What is the name of other title that Australian Team won against the Indian Team?
6. How many times has the South African Team lost to Australian Team in a World Cup semi-final ?
7. Who was named Man of the Match?
8. Where did Ricky Pointing described the Australian team coming out from in his comment?
9. How was the contest described on newspapers?
10. What was believed to be the main reason for the winning match against India?

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 6

Australian researchers have finally captured an elusive and rare giant rat on camera
It’s bigger than most cats, can crack open coconuts with its teeth and has been a champion at hiding from humans. Now Australian researchers have captured this giant rodent on film
A rare giant, coconut-cracking rat has been captured on camera for the first time by Australian researchers.
The elusive* rat, which can be up to four times the size of city rodents*, was first identified as a species* in 2017 after a single, dead specimen* was found two years before in 2015.
The 45cm rodent is only found on one small island, Vangunu, in the Solomon Islands.
University of Melbourne mammalogist* Tyrone Lavery said the night-time camera images showed four rats.
The story of the rat, named Uromys vika, was told through the local Vangunu people who helped researchers locate and photograph the animal.
“To work that hard and work with people with traditional knowledge, it was a massive reward and to name a species is pretty special,” Dr Lavery said.
The rare rodent is at least twice the size of a common rat, lives in the trees and can chew through coconuts and nuts with its sharp teeth, he said.
Dr Lavery said he estimated that fewer than 100 of the rats survived and it is now listed as critically endangered* because of logging in its forest habitat*.
“This comes at a critical juncture* for the future of Vangunu’s last forests – which the community of Zaira* have been fighting to protect from logging* for 16 years,” he said.
The images and report have been published in the Ecology and Evolution journal.
Fellow author Kevin Sese, from the Solomon Islands National University, said the fieldwork was guided by the Vangunu people’s knowledge of Uromys vika, and that the night-time field cameras captured a total of 95 images.
Mr Sese said the local community had long insisted the species lived in their forests but they had never been scientifically documented, until now.
Dr Lavery said the research team used oil lamps scented with sesame oil to attract the rats.

GLOSSARY
elusive: difficult to find or catch
rodents: another name for rats
species: a group of living organisms consisting of similar individuals capable of exchanging genes or interbreeding
specimen: an example of something
mammalogist: a person skilled in the study of mammals
critically endangered: considered to be facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild
habitat: natural home of animals, plants and organisms
juncture: a particular point in time
Zaira: an area of pristine coast and forests on Vangunu
logging: the act of cutting down trees and preparing the timber
Open-Cloze Quiz

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 6

Fill in the blanks with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

1. What is the other name of the giant rat?
2. What can a giant rats break with its teeth?
3. What are they very good at?
4. When was the first time people saw those giant rats?
5. Where can people find those giant rats?
6. How many giant rats discovered on camera?
7. According to Dr Lavery, what activity can be considered special?
8. What is causing those giant rats to be in danger of extinction?
9. What do researchers used to take photos of those giant rats?
10. What kind of smells do research team used to attract the giant rats?

Thứ Hai, 27 tháng 11, 2023

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 5

Eleven-year-old Australian girl sets new running world record
Eleven-year-old Tilly Williams has become the fastest girl in the world after she beat teenagers and adults to run 5000m in just 17 minutes and 22.7 seconds
Meet the world’s fastest 11 year old girl.
Adelaide schoolgirl Tilly Williams has broken a world distance running record, beating other girls who were eight years older than her to run 5000m in just 17 minutes and 22.7 seconds.
The Parkside Primary student beat the previous record by 19 seconds, making her the fastest distance runner under the age of 19 across 60 countries.
Tilly started running just two years ago and has already shot straight to the top.
When some of her friends told her about the international record, she decided to give it a go while competing at the SA State Championships.
“Some of my running friends told me about it and I was like, wow, it would be crazy if I got that and here I am,” Tilly said.
“It’s really crazy, I was never expecting it.”
Tilly has always loved keeping active, alongside her twin brother Henry and little sister Rosie.
“I am the kind of person who really enjoys the challenge,” Tilly said.
“I really love surfing and I love bike riding and hiking – all different kinds of adventure and sports.
She started running in 2021 when she joined her school’s cross-country team. Since then, she has run two to three times a week with her dad, Mark Williams, or at the Adelaide Harriers Athletics Club.
“Everyone is really supportive and it really encourages me,” Tilly said.
“It’s good knowing that my family’s on my side and my friends are on my side as well.
“Usually I just go out and run with my running group and with my dad as well … Because it is like a bond.”
Tilly doesn’t follow a strict diet, so her favourite food is still on the menu – her dad’s home-cooked pizza.
“I do love pepperoni pizza,” she said.
Tilly said she has been inspired by runners Caitlin Adams, Tara Palm, and her favourite book character, Roald Dahl’s Matilda.
“I could really relate to the main character Matilda because she set herself goals and really had to work hard to achieve them,” she said.
The 5000m record was not officially recognised by Athletics SA and Australia due to record keeping differences, but Tilly said she was already working on her next goal.
Tilly is set to represent South Australia in Tasmania on Friday at the National 10-12 years Track & Field Championships competition at Launceston.
She also has dreams of competing in the 2032 Brisbane Olympics.
“In the long-term, maybe, but in the short-term, it’s just achieving a goal and then getting to the next one and then achieving that; it’s a long way down,” she said.
Tilly’s dad Mark said he was very proud of his daughter.
“You never think that anyone’s going to get a world record at this age, at any age really, it’s just surreal,” Mr Williams said.
“We’re incredibly proud, it’s very important to recognise these achievements, but also to stay very much grounded and just enjoy the other pursuits that she likes.
“She loves her running, but she does so many other things as well and I think it’s really important that the focus is on life rather than just one thing.”

GLOSSARY

bond: a close relationship
surreal: doesn’t feel like it’s really happening
grounded: being sensible and realistic
pursuits: things you like doing that you try hard at
Open-Cloze Quiz

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 5

Fill in the blanks with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

1. How far did Tilly Williams run?
2. When did she start running?
3. Where did she get the information about the international record from?
4. How many brothers and sisters does she have?
5. What sports does Tilly enjoy doing beside bike riding and hiking?
6. Who has she run with since 2021?
7. What is the name of her favorite book character?
8. What is the age limit for the National Track and Field Championships competition?
9. When will the Brisbane Olympics take place?
10. How does Tilly's family feel about her achievements?

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 4

World’s biggest iceberg breaks free and could leave Antarctic waters
An iceberg that’s twice the size of London and two thirds the height of the world’s tallest skyscraper has started drifting away from Antarctica and could wind up in British waters
The world’s biggest iceberg is on the move for the first time after being stuck to the ocean floor for 30 years.
The iceberg, called A23a, is 3884 km sq in size, which is twice the size of London.
It is also 399m thick, which is about two-thirds as high as the world’s tallest skyscraper, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai.
The iceberg split from the Antarctic coastline in 1986 but got stuck to the ocean floor and became an ice island.
It started drifting again in 2020 but picked up speed this year as wind and currents pushed it along faster.
The iceberg has started heading past the northern tip of the Antarctic Peninsula and could soon leave Antarctic waters altogether.
British Antarctic Survey remote sensing expert Dr Andrew Fleming told the BBC that scientists had been expecting the iceberg to start moving again once it had melted enough to lose its grip on the ocean floor.
The iceberg will most likely end up in the Antarctic “Circumpolar Current” before being pushed into a path known as “iceberg alley”.
Icebergs like A23a that end up in the Weddell sector usually follow the same path because of the movements of the Circumpolar Current, which is the strongest current in the Earth’s oceans.
From there, the huge iceberg might drift towards South Georgia island, which often has big tabular icebergs sitting off its coast.
The ice blocks usually get pinned on the shallow continental shelf of the island, which is considered British territory.
If A23a gets stuck near South Georgia, it might pose a problem for the millions of seals, penguins and other seabirds that live on the island.
The mega berg could get in the way of the animals’ normal foraging routes, stopping them from feeding their young properly.
But all icebergs eventually melt and wither away, releasing mineral dust.
And this dust is an important part of oceanic food chains.
“In many ways these icebergs are life-giving; they are the origin point for a lot of biological activity,” said Dr Catherine Walker, from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
The scientists will observe the movement of A23a closely.

GLOSSARY
Circumpolar current: an ocean current that flows clockwise around Antarctica from west to east
Weddell sector: part of the Weddell Sea, off the north of Antarctica
tabular icebergs: icebergs with flat tops that have broken off an ice shelf or glacier
continental shelf: the edge of the continent that is covered by water
British territory: under British rule
foraging routes: places to look for food
oceanic: things that have something to do with the ocean
origin point: starting point
biological: related to life and living things
Open-Cloze Quiz

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 4

Fill in the blanks with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

1. What is the size of the iceberg in comparison to that of London?
2. What has prevented the world's biggest iceberg from moving for 30 years?
3. What is the name of the iceberg?
4. Where is the world's tallest skyscraper?
5. What are the main causes of faster movement of the iceberge this year?
6. What is the strongest current in the Earth’s oceans?
7. What can people usually find around South Georgia island?
8. What kinds of animal might be in danger if A23a gets stuck near South Georgia island beside seals and penguins?
9. What will icebergs leave after melting?
10. Icebergs are the foundation of plenty of ...

Chủ Nhật, 26 tháng 11, 2023

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 3

Koala conservation group plants 336,000 trees to help the animals in the wild
Urgent koala conservation underway with tree corridors being built to protect the animals in the wild

When Lucy the koala was rescued from a rural NSW property two years ago, she was suffering from chlamydia*, a disease widespread among koalas.
Today, she’s one of the lucky residents of tree corridors in the Northern Rivers region* dedicated to protecting the nation’s beloved marsupial* by preserving its rapidly shrinking habitat.
The vast networks of vegetation*, planted by local conservation group* Bangalow Koalas, are a lifeline* for koalas and numerous other species like the endangered glossy black cockatoo, gliders*, possums, and wallabies.
Located in the lush hinterland* near famous Byron Bay*, they provide safe passage across the koalas’ increasingly fragmented habitat*, increasing genetic diversity* and protecting the animals from human threats.
“Our corridors are actually trying to get them away from humans, from cars, from dogs,” said Bangalow Koalas president Linda Sparrow. “They can safely move across the landscape and not have to put up with us humans.”
The koala is predicted to be extinct in the wild* in NSW by 2050, with some of the biggest threats being wildfires, habitat loss through logging* and land clearing* for development. The eucalyptus leaf-munching marsupial has already been declared endangered* in several states.
A 2022 government report showed that Australia has lost more mammal species than any other continent.
Founded in 2019, Bangalow Koalas has planted over 336,000 trees on 119 properties, contributing to koala conservation and boosting the local ecosystem*. The group, which relies on community volunteers, aims to plant 500,000 trees by 2025.
“The neighbour would want to join and then another neighbour will want to join,” Ms Sparrow said. “It’s like a domino effect, where all these people all over the Northern Rivers want to join our corridor.”
Volunteer Lindy Stacker, who has been planting trees for over five years, said the activity was “better than meditation*, better than yoga”, and had rallied the community together.
A recent report by the Australian Koala Foundation said the iconic marsupial was worth an estimated $3.2 billion per annum to the tourism industry.
However, the World Wildlife Fund – Australia reported alarming declines* in koala populations, with a 50 per cent drop in Queensland and a 62 per cent drop in NSW since 2001.
Ms Sparrow remains committed to the cause.
“I can’t imagine a world where there’s no koalas in the wild,” she said.
“We’re going to do everything we can possibly to make sure that doesn’t happen.”

GLOSSARY

chlamydia: A disease that affects koalas and is common among them
marsupial: an animal with a pouch, like a koala
tree corridors: areas with a network of trees that provide a safe passage for koalas and other animals
Northern Rivers region: a specific area in New South Wales known for its rivers and nature
conservation group: a group of people working to protect and preserve the environment and its wildlife
vegetation: plants and trees
lifeline: something that provides essential support and protection
gliders: animals that can glide through the air, similar to flying squirrels
lush hinterland: a fertile and densely vegetated area
Byron Bay: a famous coastal town in New South Wales
fragmented habitat: an environment that is broken into smaller, disconnected pieces
increasing genetic diversity: having a variety of genetic traits within a population
extinct in the wild: no longer existing in their natural habitat
logging: cutting down trees for wood or other purposes
land clearing: removing vegetation from an area, often for development
endangered: a status indicating that a species is at risk of becoming extinct
boosting the local ecosystem: enhancing the natural balance and health of the local environment
domino effect: when one action leads to a series of similar actions
meditation: a practice of calming the mind
alarming declines: a significant and concerning decrease

Open-Cloze Quiz

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 3

Fill in the blanks with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

1. Where was Lucy the koala rescued from?
2. Who grew the vast network of vegetation?
3.This network of vegetation keeps the animals safe from ...
4.How many main causes that probably lead to koala's extinction?
5.Which country has the most mammal animals dispappeared according to 2022 report?
6.How many trees have been planted by Bangalow Koalas?
7.Who are the main members of Bangalow Koalas?
8.How long has Lindy Stacker been growing trees
9.How much was the iconic marsupial worth according to a recent report?
10.What was the percentage of reduced populations of koala in NSW since 2001?

Thứ Bảy, 25 tháng 11, 2023

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 2

Open-Cloze Quiz

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 2

CommBank study finds kids build more money skills than mum and dad Kids are becoming better money managers than their parents, according to new research

Children in Australia are on track to become better money managers than their parents, new research suggests.

A study of more than 4200 households by the Commonwealth Bank has found that eight out of 10 families talk about money at home, 87 per cent of children buy things with their own money and 59 per cent earn money of their own. Two-thirds of children apply spending strategies*, such as waiting for sales, shopping around and recognising wants versus needs, according to the Australian Money Matters Report released by CommBank kids’ money app, Kit.

Kit managing director Yish Koh says parents are starting to understand the importance of teaching their children about money.

Kit managing director Yish Koh said the results suggested parents were beginning to understand the importance of teaching financial literacy*.

“We are transitioning* to a cashless society*, which makes it more difficult in some respects,” she said.

“The silver lining* is we now have digital services allowing kids to interact digitally* with their money.”

Ms Koh said today’s Generation X and Y parents did not have as much access to financial knowledge and technology such as apps and websites when they were younger.

“They want to avoid their kids making the same financial mistakes they did,” she said.

Financial literacy and wellbeing advocate* Lel Smits, from the Australian Shareholders’ Association, said parents were more aware of the importance of teaching good money habits.

“Parents still play a crucial* role in teaching their children about money management.”

Stronger money skills in children would lead to increased economic stability*, lower loan defaults* and less financial hardship.

GLOSSARY

• strategies: a plan for achieving something or reaching a goal

• financial literacy: the ability to use knowledge and skills to manage your money

• transitioning: undergo changes

• cashless society: a society in which purchases of goods or services are made by credit card or electronic fund transfers rather than with cash

• silver lining: something good that can be found in a bad situation

• interact digitally: to interact on a remote digital platform rather than face-to-face

• wellness advocate: a health care professional in wellness services, including mental health

• crucial: of great importance

• economic stability: where people have the resources essential to a healthy life

• loan defaults: when a borrower stops making the required payments on a debt

Fill in the blanks with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

1. How many households were included in the study?
2. According to the study, what percentage of children earn their own money?
3.What is the CommBank kids’ money app called?
4.Who is the manager of the CommBank kids’ money app?
5.What is the special term for "teaching about money"?
6.Yish Koh believes that people will soon enter a ...
7.The Generation X and Y parents did not have ... when they were younger
8.According to Lel Smits, parents nowadays want their kids to have positive ...
9.When it comes to teaching children about money management, parents play a ...
10.Children with better money skills will improve ...

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 1

Shark habits remain a puzzle at ‘twilight zone’ depths past 1000m
Apex marine predators such as great white sharks regularly visit the midnight zone more than 1000m below the ocean’s surface – but it’s a secret society as scientists don’t know why they do it.
Great white sharks have been discovered diving deeper than 1100m below the surface of the ocean.
A study published in scientific journal PNAS showed large marine predators, such as great whites, tuna and swordfish, made regular visits to the depths of the ocean.
The movements of 12 different types of predatory fish were tracked as they travelled 200m to 1000m below the ocean’s surface to the mesopelagic zone, or twilight zone, and even further to the midnight zone, which is 1000m to 3000m below.
Researchers said they didn’t know why the sea creatures travelled so deep into the ocean. They said the twilight and midnight zones were much deeper than the zones where the marine predators usually fed.
Great white sharks were recorded diving as deep as 1128m, while whale sharks were recorded diving 1912m. Swordfish went as far as 2000m below the surface.
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution assistant scientist and study lead Dr Camrin Braun told LiveScience magazine the deep ocean must be an important habitat for ocean predators.
“It’s clear there are good reasons for these animals to dive deep, otherwise why would they all do it?” Dr Braun said.
The researchers’ findings showed there could be a link between the dives and the deep scattering layer (DSL), which is an ocean layer densely packed with small fish and other creatures.
The study suggested that large marine predators fed on the creatures in the DSL. But the reason some predators travelled even deeper than the DSL remained a mystery.
“There’s good evidence for some species or situations in which diving deep is clearly for foraging,” Dr Braun said.
“However, we also find several cases where we can pretty definitively say the use of the deep ocean is not for feeding — or if it is, it represents a totally different kind of predator-prey interaction.”
Dr Braun said the evidence suggested the twilight zone had more creatures than scientists first thought and that its role for predators needed to be better understood before humans were allowed to fish in it.

GLOSSARY
marine predators: sea animals that hunt and eat other animals
oceanographic: scientific study of oceans
habitat: place where animals live
densely: thickly or heavily
foraging: looking for food
definitively: say with certainty
predator-prey interaction: the way animals hunt other animals

Open-Cloze Quiz

BASIC SHORT ANSWER 1

Fill in the blanks with NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER

1. Scientists refers the place where great white sharks go to as a ...
2. There are huge fishes studied in a research including great white sharks, ...
3.How many species of predatory fish are studied in the research?
4.The deepest area is called ...
5.What type of fish can travel down to 1912 meters below the ocean surface?
6.The large marine predators dive deeper because there are plenty of small fish there as well as ...
7.The reason for dives deeper than the DSL zone of large marine predators is still a ...
8.It is proved that some marine predators are diving deep for ...
9.The other finding suggest another reason for diving deep in the ocean is to show various kinds of ...
10.Scientists should study more about the twilight zone before giving permission to ... to catch fish here.

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